51 tools

Physics calculators

School and workshop physics: force from mass and acceleration, energy, work, power and other models. Inverse calculations are available only for the quantities offered by each tool’s modes. Use the units shown beside the fields, including available non-SI options; conversion is performed where provided. When a model uses g₀ = 9.80665 m/s², this is the chosen standard value, not measured local gravity.

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Physics calculators

Acceleration calculator

Acceleration from a change in velocity over time, or final velocity from acceleration.

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Physics calculators

Air density calculator

Density of moist air from temperature, pressure and humidity.

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Physics calculators

Air pressure at altitude calculator

Atmospheric pressure, temperature and air density at a given altitude.

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Physics calculators

Bernoulli equation calculator

Pressure at the second section of a flow from speeds and heights, with the total head.

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Physics calculators New

Boiling point calculator

The boiling point of water at a given altitude above sea level.

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Physics calculators

Buoyant force calculator

Archimedes' force, the body's weight, and whether it floats.

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Physics calculators

Carnot efficiency calculator

The ceiling efficiency of a heat engine from two temperatures.

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Physics calculators

Centripetal force calculator

Centripetal force, acceleration, angular velocity and period of revolution.

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Physics calculators

Coulomb's law calculator

The force between two point charges.

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Physics calculators

De Broglie wavelength calculator

The wavelength of a particle from its mass and speed.

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Physics calculators

Decibel calculator

Add noise levels and convert a ratio of quantities into decibels.

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Physics calculators

Density calculator

Density, mass or volume of a substance from ρ = m ÷ V.

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Physics calculators

Dew point calculator

The temperature at which air of this humidity starts giving up moisture.

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Physics calculators

Doppler effect calculator

The heard frequency when the source or the listener moves.

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Physics calculators

Escape velocity calculator

The speed needed to leave a planet, from its mass and radius.

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Physics calculators

Free fall calculator

Impact speed and fall time from a height or from a duration.

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Physics calculators

Gravitational force calculator

Attraction between two bodies from the law of universal gravitation.

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Physics calculators

Half-life calculator

Remaining amount from a half-life, or the time to reach a given remainder.

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Physics calculators

Heat index calculator

An illustrative heat index from the unadjusted regression.

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Physics calculators

Hooke's law calculator

Spring force, extension or rate, plus the energy stored.

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Physics calculators

Absolute humidity calculator

How many grams of water are in a cubic metre of air.

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Physics calculators

Hydrostatic pressure calculator

Pressure of a liquid column from density and depth.

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Physics calculators

Inclined plane calculator

Force along the slope, friction and acceleration.

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Physics calculators

Inverse square law calculator

How intensity falls with distance from a point source.

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Physics calculators

Kinetic energy calculator

Kinetic energy, speed or mass from E = ½mv².

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Physics calculators

Lever and mechanical advantage calculator

Lever balance: the force on the second arm and the advantage gained.

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Physics calculators

Mach number calculator

Mach number from speed and air temperature, with the flight regime named.

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Physics calculators

Mass-energy equivalence calculator

Rest energy of a mass from E=mc² in joules, kilowatt-hours and tonnes of TNT.

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Physics calculators

Moment of inertia calculator

Moment of inertia of a rod, disk, ring or sphere about an axis.

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Physics calculators

Momentum calculator

Signed momentum, mass or velocity from p = m · v.

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Physics calculators

Newton's second law calculator

Force, mass or acceleration from F = m · a.

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Physics calculators

Orbital period calculator

Orbital period from the central body mass and the orbit radius.

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Physics calculators

Pendulum period calculator

Period of a simple pendulum from its length.

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Physics calculators

Photon energy calculator

Photon energy and frequency from wavelength.

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Physics calculators

Mechanical power calculator

Power, work or time from P = W ÷ t.

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Physics calculators

Torque calculator

Torque magnitude from force, application-point distance and angle.

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Physics calculators

Pipe flow velocity calculator

Water velocity in a pipe from flow rate and inner diameter.

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Physics calculators

Potential energy calculator

Potential energy, height or mass from E = mgh.

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Physics calculators

Pressure calculator

Pressure, force or area from p = F ÷ A.

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Physics calculators

Projectile motion calculator

Range, flight time and apex height of a body thrown at an angle.

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Physics calculators

Time dilation calculator

Lorentz factor, time dilation and length contraction.

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Physics calculators

Specific heat calculator

How much energy it takes to heat a body: Q = c·m·ΔT.

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Physics calculators

Speed of sound calculator

The speed of sound in air from temperature, with a conversion to kilometres per hour.

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Physics calculators

Stress, strain and Young's modulus calculator

Stress, strain and Young's modulus for a specimen in tension.

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Physics calculators

Terminal velocity calculator

Terminal velocity in air with the time and distance needed to reach it.

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Physics calculators

Thermal conduction calculator

Heat flow, thermal resistance and U-value of a single layer.

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Physics calculators

Thin lens calculator

Image distance, magnification and image type from the thin lens equation.

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Physics calculators

Wavelength and frequency calculator

Relates wave speed, frequency and wavelength in any direction.

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Physics calculators

Wind chill calculator

How much colder frost feels in wind — by the meteorological services' formula.

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Physics calculators

Wind power calculator

Power in the wind and the power a rotor can extract, against the Betz limit.

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Physics calculators

Work calculator

Work done by a force over a distance, including the angle between them.

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Which calculation to choose

What to prepare

Convert mass to kilograms, speed to metres per second and height to metres. Choose a zero level for height.

Common mistake

Mass is not gravitational force. These energies describe different conditions; energy alone does not give braking distance.

FAQ

Why 9.80665 and not 9.8?

9.80665 m/s² is the chosen standard g₀, not the exact measured local gravity everywhere. 9.8 approximates it. The change in the displayed result depends on the formula, inputs and rounding, not a fixed decimal place.

Can I solve in any direction?

Only for quantities that the particular tool offers as modes. Newton’s second law has several directions; rest energy and the distance law have their own specified outputs. There is no universal inverse solver for every formula.

Are friction and air resistance included?

It depends on the model. Some tools omit them, while the inclined plane uses an entered friction coefficient and terminal velocity uses a separate drag model with constant parameters. This is not a general simulation of every loss force.

Which units should I use?

Use the units shown beside each field. These may include °C, degrees, percentages or km/h; where provided, the calculator converts them to consistent formula units. It cannot detect a number entered in the wrong unit.